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What can make LED’s flicker, or appear to flicker?

Lamps using switched power supplies actually turn the LED’s on and off extremely rapidly (<300Hz). However, the human eye cannot see this (the eye can only see flicker below about 200Hz).

If LED flickering is noticeable then there could be various reasons:

Cheap LED lamps may be designed with too low LED switching frequency.

There may be a fault in the lamp circuitry.

There may be an intermittent connection of a component on the circuit board.

There may be an intermittent supply connection to the lamp (e.g. loose, or poorly plugged in connector).

The flicker may be “Fake”. e.g. The light may actually be reflecting from a vibrating shiny surface. So, the light itself isn’t flickering, but because the shiny surface is moving rapidly, the reflected light is also changing direction rapidly.